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The Impact of Age Structure on Inflation - Example of Developing Countries
Zakaraia, Khatia ; Ryska, Pavel (advisor) ; Janda, Karel (referee)
Many countries in the world experience demographic transition - significant decrease of fertility rates and increase share of the old population. The pace and characteristics of demographic shifts however are individual for each country. At the same time these countries face low inflation rates or even deflation. In this thesis I demonstrate how demographic changes are correlated with low inflation rates. I estimated two different models - VAR and FEM for panel data using two samples of developing countries. The primary argument of using two separate groups for estimating the same problem is robustness check, whether all three imposed hypotheses will hold in any sample of the population. These hypotheses are - first, deflation is positively correlated with increased share of the old population, second, low inflation in developing economies has structural pattern due to demographic changes and third, deflation can be forecastable if it is driven by demographic trends. Despite the heterogeneity of the results from PVAR and FEM, a negative impact of aging population on inflation has been proved. Also estimation results support our two hypotheses that low inflation if it is partially driven by aging structure changes, has structural rather than cyclical characteristics and is predictable. Contribution...
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Selected aspects of pension reform in the Czech Republic
Kaše, Miloslav ; Štangová, Věra (advisor) ; Vysokajová, Margerita (referee) ; Fischerová, Iva (referee)
JUDr. Ing. Miloslav Kaše, CSc., Selected Aspects of Pension Reform in the Czech Re- public, Doctoral Thesis, Charles University, Faculty of Law, Department of Labor Law and Social Security Law, Prague, 2020. Number of pages of doctoral thesis is 205. The dissertation topic evolves around certain selected aspects of the pension reform in the Czech Republic, which is the most discussed in the preparation phase of the Czech pension system reform. The chosen topic acknowledges the current problems of the Czech pension system, consisting mainly of the unfavorable development of demographic struc- ture and population aging, which is characterized by a large and irregular number of peaks and troughs on the demographic chart of the Czech Republic, connected to historical events and migration. The thesis focuses on the issue of developing and determining the retirement age and insurance coverage required for entitlement to pension and analyzes the pitfalls of increas- ing the retirement age and the length of insurance coverage required to qualify for a retirement pension. At the same time, it considers the possibilities of establishing an ad- justable retirement age range and flexibility of the whole pension system. The possibility of active economic earning vitality of pensioners is closely related to the...
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The Impact of Age Structure on Inflation - Example of Developing Countries
Zakaraia, Khatia ; Ryska, Pavel (advisor) ; Janda, Karel (referee)
Many countries in the world experience demographic transition - significant decrease of fertility rates and increase share of the old population. The pace and characteristics of demographic shifts however are individual for each country. At the same time these countries face low inflation rates or even deflation. In this thesis I demonstrate how demographic changes are correlated with low inflation rates. I estimated two different models - VAR and FEM for panel data using two samples of developing countries. The primary argument of using two separate groups for estimating the same problem is robustness check, whether all three imposed hypotheses will hold in any sample of the population. These hypotheses are - first, deflation is positively correlated with increased share of the old population, second, low inflation in developing economies has structural pattern due to demographic changes and third, deflation can be forecastable if it is driven by demographic trends. Despite the heterogeneity of the results from PVAR and FEM, a negative impact of aging population on inflation has been proved. Also estimation results support our two hypotheses that low inflation if it is partially driven by aging structure changes, has structural rather than cyclical characteristics and is predictable. Contribution...
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Employment and Employment Possibility of Older People in the Czech Republic
Sadílková, Petra ; Čabanová, Bohumila (advisor) ; Nekolová, Markéta (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the situation of elderly people in the labour market. Czech population is aging. Life expectancy is increasing and the number of older people grows. This fact influences labour market and overall development of society. In order to continue functioning of social system and in order to maintain the current standard of living of the elderly population, it is necessary to participate in the labour market for a longer time. Elderly people do not represent an interesting and promising workforce for companies in many ways. Employers do not appreciate the quality and potential of seniors and prefer younger workers. Elderly people are persons of pre-retirement age who are ranked as a risk group in the labour market, threatened by unemployment. This thesis defines barriers limiting larger economic activity of elderly people. The main goal is to identify existing instruments to combat shortages of older people. The thesis proposes the measures to encourage elderly people's involvement in the labour market, and opportunities to increase their human capital. The research results indicate that key factors for long working life are advanced training and development of qualification and skills. These actions enable the extension of economic activity, which is a necessity nowadays.
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Analysis of social services for seniors in the Czech Republic during the years 2007 - 2015
Fialová, Tereza ; Prudká, Šárka (advisor) ; Kotýnková, Magdalena (referee)
This thesis focuses on the theme of social services for the elderly and its development since 2007 to 2015. The goal is to describe the development of social services in the Czech Republic, in the regions of the Czech Republic and comparison between them. The Bachelor thesis also has the goal of informing about the current situation and future predictions. The theoretical part deals with the definition of social inclusion services within social policy. An integral part is the description of the basic forms of social services, social service providers and legislative and financial framework for social services in the Czech Republic. The method used in this part is the literature research focused on characteristics of social policies, particularly on social services. The empirical part follows information from theoretical part. The research is focused on the Czech Republic as a whole and then goes into exploring the specifics of individual regions and their comparison. Here, the methods used are: analysis of the existing system of social services and regional comparison. The data sources are mainly from Czech Statistical Office and Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs. The result of my investigation is the confirmation of the need for social services in the lives of seniors. The goal of this thesis is to highlight the current systemic shortcomings of providing and funding of social services, mainly because of increased number of seniors in Czech Republic.
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The issue of health and social care for an aging population of the Czech Republic
Kratochvílová, Eva ; Šimková, Martina (advisor) ; Kozelský, Tomáš (referee)
In recent years the Czech Republic as one of the developed countries faced with the ongoing trend of demographic aging population. The growing proportion of elderly and especially very old people in the population places considerable demands on health and social care, particularly in the financial sustainability of these systems. Therefore the aim of this paper is to estimate the possible future development of their financial situation. Demonstrating the ongoing changes in the population structure of the Czech Republic is proved the seriousness of graying population, given the current character of health and social care. Estimated financial imbalance using my own simplified model encourages to develop proposals for the solution of various factors affecting the income and expenditure of the system. These solutions are further analyzed in the last chapter.
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The consequences of an aging population in the financing of the pension system
Novotná, Veronika ; Fiala, Tomáš (advisor) ; Miskolczi, Martina (referee)
This thesis describes the pension system of the Czech Republic. The aim of this thesis is to analyse the ways of financial funding of the pension system based on current demographic progression and future demographic prognosis in the Czech Republic. The analysis has been done in accordance with the aging of Czech population in the recent years. Various suggestions for changes in the Czech pension system and some pension reform issues in some foreign systems vs. Czech system are also part of this thesis. The final part concerns with the overall assessment of the analysis and potential changes.
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Chinese pension schemes: reforms and challenges
Dudová, Zdena ; Stuchlíková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Neumann, Pavel (referee)
This thesis covers the development of pension schemes in the People's Republic of China from 1949 until now. The goal is to explain what is the structure of chinese pension schemes, why are the pension schemes divided between rural and urban areas and how are the migrant workers' pension schemes incorporated into the social security system. Furthermore the reforms and challenges of the current pension system are analysed as well as the linkage to the hukou reform and family planning reform.
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Development and present situation in Germany and its position in the European union
Štursová, Eva ; Jeníček, Vladimír (advisor) ; Šaroch, Stanislav (referee)
The aim of my thesis is to analyze the German economy and chart position of Germany in the European Union. Emphasis will be placed on the current economic position of Germany and changes caused by the global financial and debt crisis. The first chapter introduces the political system and assesses the socio-economic characteristics of the country. The second chapter describes the economic development of both East and West Germany after World War II. The success of the social market economy of West Germany is assessed, contrasting the development in East Germany that focused on heavy industry. The economic situation after the unification of Germany is analyzed in the third chapter by using macroeconomic indicators such as GDP, inflation, current account balance and unemployment. Further attention is paid to foreign trade and investment abroad by German and foreign investments in Germany. The second part of third chapter describes the global financial and subsequent debt crisis and its impact on the German economy. The last chapter deals with the position of Germany in the European Union and solving current problems in the Eurozone.
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